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Moso bamboo phyllostachys pubescens8/6/2023 Moreover, hyperaccumulators (e.g., Thlaspi sp.) are associated with slow plant growth and low biomass yields (Tandy et al., 2006 Epelde et al., 2008), so there is an urgent need for identification of other plant species having fast growth and greater biomass production. Metal hyperaccumulators are found in a large number of plant families, but most are the Brassicaceae family (Verbruggen et al., 2009 Krämer, 2010). To date, about 700 species of plants have been reported to be hyperaccumulators of different contaminants (Xi et al., 2010). Phytoremediation can remove heavy metals using plants and offer the benefits of low cost, as well as being an environmentally sustainable technique. Pb is extremely toxic to plants and humans, leading to brain damage and retardation (Cho-Ruk et al., 2006 Islam et al., 2007). Severe Pb contamination may lead to various environmental problems, such as reduced vegetation structure and biodiversity as well as ground water contamination (Ruley et al., 2006). It is suggested that use of Moso bamboo as an experimental material provides a new perspective for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil owing to its high metal tolerance and greater biomass.Īmong heavy metals, lead (Pb) has been acknowledged one of the most abundant metal pollutants in the environment (Patra et al., 2004). Even at the highest Pb treatment, no significant difference was observed for the dry weight of stem compared with controls. Although ultrastructural analysis revealed some internal damage, even the plants exposed to 400 μmol/L Pb survived and no visual Pb toxicity symptoms such as necrosis and chlorosis were observed in these plants. The ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy revealed that the addition of excessive Pb caused abnormally shaped chloroplasts, disappearance of endoplasmic reticulum, shrinkage of nucleus and nucleolus, and loss of thylakoid membranes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the excessive Pb caused decreased stomatal opening, formation of abundant inclusions in roots, and just a few inclusions in stems. Experimental results indicated that at the highest Pb concentration (400 μmol/L), the growth of bamboo seedlings was inhibited and Pb concentrations in leaves, stems, and roots reached the maximum of 148.8, 482.2, and 4282.8 mg/kg, respectively. A hydroponics experiment was aimed at identifying the lead (Pb) tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys pubescens) seedlings grown under different Pb treatments.
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